Breakdown spectroscopy is a valuable tool for determining elements in solids, liquids, and gases. All materials in the breakdown region can be ionized and dissociated into highly excited fragments and emit characteristic fluorescence spectra. In this sense, the elemental composition of materials can be evaluated by detecting the fluorescence spectrum. This paper reviews the recent developments in laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. The traditional laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, filament-induced breakdown spectroscopy, plasma grating, and multidimensional plasma grating-induced breakdown spectroscopy are introduced. There are also some proposals for applications of plasma gratings, such as laser ablation, laser deposition, and laser catalysis of chemical reactions in conjunction with research on the properties of plasma gratings.

封接玻璃是一种用于连接、密封同种或异种材料的特种玻璃。近年来多种类、高质量金属间封接需求递增,要求开发更高膨胀系数的封接玻璃。详细介绍了线膨胀系数高于90×10-7 ℃-1的封接玻璃的国内外研究现状,分析了高膨胀系数封接玻璃的发展趋势。无铅结晶型封接玻璃可以达到更高的线膨胀系数,足以适配常用金属,无铅封接玻璃综合性能不亚于含铅封接玻璃,能够实现对含铅封接玻璃的替代,具有更大的发展优势。

针对当前高光谱分类算法难以同时满足星载分类高精度、低能耗需求的问题，提出一种基于多尺度空间特征提取的高光谱星载分类算法，在保持较高分类精度的同时大幅度降低算法的计算开销。利用局部最大值滤波提取高光谱图像的纹理特征，将多尺度滤波结果根据遥感图像空间关联性进行组合得到局部-全局联合空间特征，融合空间特征和光谱特征后采用随机森林进行分类。该算法仅包含整数比较和加法运算，未采用高光谱主流分类算法中的乘法和求幂等高开销运算。在Indian Pines、Pavia University和HyRANK影像数据集上的实验结果表明，该算法与最高水平分类算法相比分类精度损失保持在2.4%以内，在跨场景分类中同样获得了较高的分类精度，与星载分类算法相比分类过程能耗降低到1/10000以下。该算法与现有算法相比更适用于星载分类任务，能够在保持较高分类精度的同时有效降低星载分类过程中的计算开销和能耗。

The growing demand for electronic devices, smart devices, and the Internet of Things constitutes the primary driving force for marching down the path of decreased critical dimension and increased circuit intricacy of integrated circuits. However, as sub-10 nm high-volume manufacturing is becoming the mainstream, there is greater awareness that defects introduced by original equipment manufacturer components impact yield and manufacturing costs. The identification, positioning, and classification of these defects, including random particles and systematic defects, are becoming more and more challenging at the 10 nm node and beyond. Very recently, the combination of conventional optical defect inspection with emerging techniques such as nanophotonics, optical vortices, computational imaging, quantitative phase imaging, and deep learning is giving the field a new possibility. Hence, it is extremely necessary to make a thorough review for disclosing new perspectives and exciting trends, on the foundation of former great reviews in the field of defect inspection methods. In this article, we give a comprehensive review of the emerging topics in the past decade with a focus on three specific areas: (a) the defect detectability evaluation, (b) the diverse optical inspection systems, and (c) the post-processing algorithms. We hope, this work can be of importance to both new entrants in the field and people who are seeking to use it in interdisciplinary work.

针对激光切片技术缺少重频可调激光光源, 设计了一种脉冲平均功率35.4W, 脉宽12ps, 重复频率300kHz~1MHz可调的高功率掺镱光纤皮秒脉冲激光器。激光器采用全光纤振荡器及预放大系统, 配合基于棒状光子晶体光纤的主放大系统, 并通过在级联放大中加入声光调制器（AOM）调控重复频率, 从而实现重复频率可调的高功率皮秒脉冲输出。激光器振荡器及预放大部分的全光纤设计, 相较于空间耦合放大具有光路结构简单、环境稳定性高等特点, 有望推动高能量飞秒光纤激光工业化进程, 提升其在复杂使用环境的适应性。